Genesis 20:9-10

20:9 Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? ¹  You have done things to me that should not be done!” ²  20:10 Then Abimelech asked ³  Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” ⁴ 

Exodus 32:21

32:21 Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you, that you have brought on them so great a sin?”

Joshua 9:19-20

9:19 but all the leaders told the whole community, “We swore an oath to them in the name of ⁵  the Lord God of Israel. So now we can’t hurt ⁶  them! 9:20 We must let them live so we can escape the curse attached to the oath we swore to them.” ⁷ 

Joshua 9:2

9:2 they formed an alliance to fight against Joshua and Israel. ⁸ 

Joshua 21:2

21:2 in Shiloh in the land of Canaan and said, “The Lord told Moses to assign us cities in which to live along with the grazing areas for our cattle.”

Psalms 15:4

15:4 He despises a reprobate, ⁹ 

but honors the Lord’s loyal followers. ¹⁰ 

He makes firm commitments and does not renege on his promise. ¹¹ 

Ezekiel 17:18-19

17:18 He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Take note ¹²  – he gave his promise ¹³  and did all these things – he will not escape!

17:19 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will certainly repay him ¹⁴  for despising my oath and breaking my covenant!

Romans 1:31-32

1:31 senseless, covenant-breakers, ¹⁵  heartless, ruthless. 1:32 Although they fully know ¹⁶  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ¹⁷  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ¹⁸ 

Romans 1:2

1:2 This gospel ¹⁹  he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures,

Romans 3:3

3:3 What then? If some did not believe, does their unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God?

[20:9]  ¹ tn Heb “How did I sin against you that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin?” The expression “great sin” refers to adultery. For discussion of the cultural background of the passage, see J. J. Rabinowitz, “The Great Sin in Ancient Egyptian Marriage Contracts,” JNES 18 (1959): 73, and W. L. Moran, “The Scandal of the ‘Great Sin’ at Ugarit,” JNES 18 (1959): 280-81.

[20:9]  ² tn Heb “Deeds which should not be done you have done to me.” The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here.

[20:10]  ³ tn Heb “And Abimelech said to.”

[20:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “What did you see that you did this thing?” The question implies that Abraham had some motive for deceiving Abimelech.

[9:19]  ⁵ tn Heb “to them by….”

[9:19]  ⁶ tn Or “touch.”

[9:20]  ⁷ tn Heb “This is what we will do to them, keeping them alive so there will not be upon us anger concerning the oath which we swore to them.”

[9:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “they gathered together to fight against Joshua and Israel [with] one mouth.”

[15:4]  ⁹ tn Heb “despised in his eyes [is] a rejected [one].” The Hebrew term נִמְאָס (nim’as, “rejected [one]”) apparently refers here to one who has been rejected by God because of his godless behavior. It stands in contrast to “those who fear God” in the following line.

[15:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “those who fear the Lord.” The one who fears the Lord respects his sovereignty and obeys his commandments. See Ps 128:1; Prov 14:2.

[15:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he takes an oath to do harm and does not change.” The phrase “to do harm” cannot mean “do harm to others,” for the preceding verse clearly characterizes this individual as one who does not harm others. In this context the phrase must refer to an oath to which a self-imprecation is attached. The godly individual takes his commitments to others so seriously he is willing to “swear to his own hurt.” For an example of such an oath, see Ruth 1:16-17.

[17:18]  ¹² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates being aware of or taking notice of something.

[17:18]  ¹³ sn Heb “hand.” “Giving one’s hand” is a gesture of promise (2 Kgs 10:15).

[17:19]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “place it on his head.”

[1:31]  ¹⁵ tn Or “promise-breakers.”

[1:32]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:32]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

[1:32]  ¹⁸ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

[1:2]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the gospel of God, which he promised.” Because of the length and complexity of this sentence in Greek, it was divided into shorter English sentences in keeping with contemporary English style. To indicate the referent of the relative pronoun (“which”), the word “gospel” was repeated at the beginning of v. 2.